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227 articles

Can You Detain a Person Under Community Caretaking?
4th Amendment Basics

Can You Detain a Person Under Community Caretaking?

An officer in North Las Vegas detained a man he believed needed medical help, and the office is split on whether that was lawful. Anthony covers where community caretaking comes from, why it does not reach homes, what you are looking for to justify the stop, and what happens when the person says leave me alone.

September 20, 2026 Blue to Gold
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Can Police Search a Vehicle at the Station Without a Warrant?
4th Amendment Basics

Can Police Search a Vehicle at the Station Without a Warrant?

A hostile crowd forced officers to drive a stolen car back to the station before searching it. An officer in California asks whether that search still holds up without a warrant, and what changes if the car belongs to the suspect. Anthony walks the four requirements of the motor vehicle exception, Chambers versus Maroney, and Michigan versus Thomas.

September 20, 2026 Blue to Gold
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Can You Tow a Car When a Sober Passenger Can Drive It Away?
Patrol

Can You Tow a Car When a Sober Passenger Can Drive It Away?

An officer in Texas asks whether he can tow an arrested driver’s car when a licensed, sober passenger is willing to take it, and whether the answer changes when the driver is not the owner. Anthony covers community caretaking, pretext tows, and the North Dakota case where a pretext inventory suppressed a body in a trunk.

September 20, 2026 Blue to Gold
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Can You Reach Under a Jacket During a Terry Frisk?
4th Amendment Basics

Can You Reach Under a Jacket During a Terry Frisk?

An officer in Arizona asks whether he can remove or reach under a heavy jacket to frisk someone he cannot effectively pat down, and whether a purse or backpack is fair game. Anthony covers what armed and dangerous really means, peeling the onion, and why high crime area plus criminal history is not enough.

September 19, 2026 Blue to Gold
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Can a Hospital Trespass a Patient Who Refuses to Leave?
Arrests

Can a Hospital Trespass a Patient Who Refuses to Leave?

An officer in California keeps getting called to the same ER lobby for the same discharged patient who will not leave and wants to be seen again. Anthony walks through Penal Code 602, why a hospital is not a public forum, the federal screening law that complicates it, and why this one is above the patrol officer s pay grade.

September 19, 2026 Blue to Gold
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What Is Reason to Believe a Warrant Subject Is Home Under Payton?
4th Amendment Basics

What Is Reason to Believe a Warrant Subject Is Home Under Payton?

An officer in South Dakota has a felony warrant, a landlord confirming the address, the subject s car out front, lights and voices inside, and lights going out when they knock. Some co-workers still say go get a warrant. Anthony walks through what Payton actually requires and why asking for a warrant answers your own question.

September 19, 2026 Blue to Gold
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What If a Passenger Refuses to Get Out of the Vehicle?
4th Amendment Basics

What If a Passenger Refuses to Get Out of the Vehicle?

A chief in Pennsylvania asks what you actually charge when a passenger refuses a lawful order to exit. Anthony covers Mimms and Wilson, why he has never seen a case on it in twenty years, and the question the judge is going to ask you about why you wanted the passenger out in the first place.

September 19, 2026 Blue to Gold
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Does the Collective Knowledge Doctrine Apply to Police Dispatchers?
4th Amendment Basics

Does the Collective Knowledge Doctrine Apply to Police Dispatchers?

A Kansas officer s county dispatch broadcasts erratic driver tips but tells every unit to make their own case at the vehicle. Anthony works through whether a 911 tip is truly anonymous, when you need corroboration, and whether the collective knowledge doctrine reaches a dispatcher who is not a commissioned officer.

September 19, 2026 Blue to Gold
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Can You Search a Cell Phone Left Behind in a Car After Someone Runs?
4th Amendment Basics

Can You Search a Cell Phone Left Behind in a Car After Someone Runs?

An officer in Texas watched a driver light up his car and leave the moment he made eye contact, then slow roll into an apartment complex and run, leaving two cell phones behind. Anthony works through whether that is reasonable suspicion, whether the phones are abandoned, and what he would actually put in the search warrant.

September 19, 2026 Blue to Gold
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